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Task Management
5-3 DETECTING TASK STACK OVERFLOWS
1) Using an MMU or MPU
Stack overflows are easily detected if the processor has a Memory Management Unit (MMU)
or a Memory Protection Unit (MPU). Basically, MMUs and MPUs are special hardware
devices integrated alongside the CPU that can be configured to detect when a task attempts
to access invalid memory locations, whether code, data, or stack. Setting up an MMU or
MPU is well beyond the scope of this book.
2) Using a CPU with stack overflow detection
Some processors, however, do have simple stack pointer overflow detection registers. When
the CPU’s stack pointer goes below (or above depending on stack growth) the value set in
this register, an exception is generated and the exception handler ensures that the offending
code does not do further damage (possibly issue a warning about the faulty code). The
.StkLimitPtr field in the OS_TCB (see Task Control Blocks) is provided for this purpose as
shown in Figure 5-3. Note that the position of the stack limit is typically set at a valid
location in the task’s stack with sufficient room left on the stack to handle the exception
itself (assuming the CPU does not have a separate exception stack). In most cases, the
position can be fairly close to &MyTaskStk[0] .
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Figure 5-3 Hardware detection of stack overflows
87
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